Listen to Women and Queer People.
Recently I have come across a seemingly small movement to disavow the term, “toxic masculinity”. I’m not talking about far right extremists who are filled with rage and simply cannot even engage in conversation around this; they are drowning in toxicity, and would rather wear a badge embracing toxicity than denounce it (although they deserve healing, too). And while I am talking about people who might be right wing, I’m also talking about more moderate or even progressive people, or people who would rather not identify anywhere on the political spectrum. The other day, I saw a social media post (well thought out from a respected person who is doing a lot of good in the world), around relationality in our society, and while not outright dismissing it, shared that he was “concerned” with the term “toxic masculinity” and implied a suggestion that conflates it with shaming and punishing groups- in this case, one can assume, he means men. That is an alarming misunderstanding, because naming toxic masculinity identifies what is an important part of freeing men to be more fully themselves, and opens the door to safety for all people. As bell hooks describes, in her book, The will to Change: Men, Masculinity, and Love, a book that is arguably one of the best in describing the reality of toxic masculinity (and I wonder if the men I’ve encountered who are dismissing or disparaging the term have read it…), “Men need to hear that their souls matter, and that the care of their souls is the primary task of their being…Feminist masculinity offers men a way to reconnect with selfhood, uncovering the essential goodness of maleness and allowing everyone, male and female, to find glory in loving manhood…” Identifying how toxic masculinity is real and harmful, therefor, is not shaming, or punishing. It is necessary, and it is loving.
Although the post was a thoughtful reflection, with good points that were well intended, a suggestion was also made to replace the word “toxic” with “immature”. (Someone else commented that using “wounded” is better, but I still think wounded is vastly different from toxic, and both should remain in our vocabulary, describing different conditions.) Some words have been more appropriately interchanged with the word, “toxic” such as, “harmful,” “sexist,” and “patriarchal,” the latter perhaps more of an umbrella term, but immaturity and toxicity are not interchangeable, and differ vastly in meaning. He pointed out that punishing others who disagree with you isn’t helpful and correctly stated how study after study shows that punishment and shaming are harmful. Yes, that is true, but identifying toxic masculinity isn’t a shaming tactic. The post also generalized toxic behavior to “any group” which also isn’t helpful in a cultural reality that still lacks full inclusion and equality. Although not exactly the same, it sort of rings familiar to not wanting to face the truth about things like white supremacy, or racism, as if it devalues a white racial identity, or any anti-racist progress. In this particular post, toxic behavior was acknowledged, but it was generalized in a way that dismisses toxic masculinity- a specific kind of toxic behavior and influence that still remains true and rampant. From prominent therapists, authors on books about manhood, and in personal conversations, I have tried to hear and understand this argument. (Another man, an author, who proclaims the term toxic masculinity as toxic itself told me when I questioned his position, “I understand everything about the topic, what it’s supposed to be, and why people use the term…I have a Master’s degree, so I understand it.” Huh…Well, gosh…I have a Master’s degree, too…and by the way, you know who has a PsyD? James Dobson… *shrug*)
To not acknowledge and teach about pervasive problems in or society, culture, and systems where such problems are causing harm regardless, only internalizes them and perpetuates harm. Toxic masculinity is something we keep experiencing, so to pretend it doesn’t exist, or to want to wash it down with more comfortable terms, is detrimental. In hearing this argument, and reading a lot about it, I have wondered about, and even doubted myself in using the term. Am I wrong? Is toxic masculinity not real? When I use the term, am I explaining it with care? Is using the term harmful? (Am I being gaslighted?) I do believe, that when used as a blanket term, or used in a destructive way, the phrase toxic masculinity can be counterproductive. But to outright toss it out, is also counterproductive. We need to use critical thinking, apply research, hone our communication skills, and most of all foster empathy, to be able to better understand why certain words and terms matter in how they more correctly define things, and in how they are then applied, and that they aren’t disregarding one’s experience of what it means to be masculine.
I do see the good intention, and the commonality in wanting to address healing that needs to happen for men, to understand what it means to be healthy, and what it means to fully be a man, for boys and men to feel supported and valued. Many boys hear more about what’s wrong with them, than what is valuable about them. (Guess what? That’s toxic masculinity…) Masculinity is not a pathology. Traits like competitiveness, power, status, aggression, influence, strength, etc. are not bad traits. Some people misunderstand thinking toxic masculinity is describing those traits. No, but when things like power, influence, aggression, etc. become violent, and infringe upon freedom and rights, then they become toxic. I keep finding that the argument to dismiss the term, “toxic masculinity” altogether fails to acknowledge what naming it is doing for good in the world, for all people, including men themselves. Ultimately, I have had a difficult time finding such an argument to eradicate the term “toxic masculinity” to be truly honest, or at the very least, convincing. What I keep finding is a misunderstanding of the term.
Are you uncomfortable with the term “toxic masculinity”? What is that discomfort in you saying? Are you uncomfortable with the term “racist”? What is that discomfort in you saying? If you don’t understand “toxic masculinity” can you still hold compassion for those who say it is real, and validate their legitimate experience of it? Is it possible that people who want to stop using the term “toxic masculinity” or to deny its truth, actually, subconsciously, want to hold a patriarchal monopoly on what manhood means? This is how deeply embedded such structures are. Toxic structures. You get to be who you are, and share your sacred story; we are all valuable. And, we are all suffering under the structure of toxic masculinity that prevents us from doing so. Here is the paradoxical truth: Once we recognize this term for what it is truly labeling, we can see ourselves as more than any label. Naming it brakes us free from it. That is very different from what denying it does.
I don’t think immaturity and toxicity are the same. “Immature masculinity” does not fully capture what toxic masculinity does capture. As human beings, we are all on a spectrum of maturation during our lifespan, physically, and emotionally. (And some mature quicker than others…) Not all immature men exhibit toxic behavior; immature behavior is different, even if toxicity might stem from immaturity. The term “toxic” is literally defined as harmful and poisonous. That’s not the same thing as immaturity. Immaturity is a natural aspect of the human journey. Toxicity is not natural. In the masculinity realm, “toxic” is identifying what is not normal in what it means to be masculine. To pretend that toxic masculinity is better described as immaturity is to diminish and dismiss the very trauma one is trying to heal from. When we are naming toxic masculinity, we are revealing what is harmful, violent, violating, isolating and poisonous to all of us: men, women, nonbinary… to all of us as humans. No other word describes it better than toxic. I also don’t think generalizing toxicity in “any group” helps identify what is specifically unhealthy in a culture more detrimentally impacted in the dominant ideology of patriarchy- which is harming all people. It could be argued that denying or disparaging toxic masculinity is a form of toxic masculinity itself. It’s not the term that is causing harm, it’s the toxicity itself that causes harm. When will the majority of women be believed when we say toxic masculinity is real? Can a man recognize the difference between someone who may have used the term toxic masculinity in a way that hurt/shamed them, as different from the important meaning of the term itself, and how it can be used appropriately to describe very real damage? When will a mature response to its truth be received and accepted without assuming it means something derogatory toward men? When will compassion be our first response instead of defensiveness?
Perhaps it’s sort of like naming the truth of white supremacy. It doesn’t mean my identity as a white person is bad. As a white person, I can develop self awareness of embedded racism/biases within me, and recognize that it doesn’t have to take hold of me, or define me. I don’t need to take offense, and I try really hard, but sometimes fail, to not let my ego get in the way- when someone might call me out on a racist idea/action. It’s easy to get defensive. But I want them to call me out, I just hope they do it with care. And when they do, I can hold empathy, and have compassion. I can still know my worth, focus on anything that needs to be repaired, and work better toward being anti-racist. Naming racism and racist ideas, recognizing racism and white supremacy helps us become anti-racist, and teaches us how best to confront it, and understand it. This is especially critical for white people. Same goes for men in understanding the term toxic masculinity. Naming it, acknowledging it, recognizing it, is especially critical for men to do, and beneficial to themselves, and others. Men can know their worth as men, and desire to work toward dismantling toxic masculinity, healing themselves, and becoming allies for others.
Of course we need to use care in how we use such terms in order to have transformative, fruitful conversations, and avoid shutting down connection and relationships. If I call someone a racist, they will inevitably shut down. If I call a man toxic, he will likely do the same. This doesn’t mean racism and toxic masculinity weren’t apparent, but how we talk about it, as well as how it’s being received, and to recognize it in our influences, in ourselves, and in our culture, in order to think critically about what is inundating us, cultivates growth. Perhaps it’s also about understanding the terms for what they are: adjectives, rather than thinking it’s a dagger to our sense of self. Ibram X. Kendi argues that we should think of the word, “racist” not as a pejorative, but rather a “simple, widely encompassing term of description”. I think this could apply to the term, “toxic masculinity” as well. Let’s use these terms to describe things and behaviors in a way that doesn’t shame, but rather helps us grow, but not to dismiss them, or try to water them down into softer terms, which just defeats the purpose of learning them. Being vulnerable enough to have a conversation about how racism, or toxic masculinity might be reflective of my or your behavior, or even in my, or your denial, is a seed planted, waiting to grow. As Maya Angelou said, “When we know better, we do better.” Or at least we should do better when we know better…
I agree that shame and punishment are not helpful, that’s why I think taking great care in how we address the reality of toxic masculinity matters. I do understand why some people think the term may not be helpful. There are valid points being made about that. I do think the term can be used too simplistically, or as a catch all for negative behaviors, or even mischaracterizing natural, normal masculine behaviors and traits as bad. That isn’t helpful. Masculinity, like femininity, is complex and diverse and can be expressed in multiple ways. It matters how we honor what’s specific and unique to the male and masculine experience, while being honest about what to avoid and be deeply aware (and beware) of. It matters how we raise, nurture, and honor our sons, how we show up in relationship with male partners/companions and their uniquely male experience, something I do believe needs better understanding so as not to isolate boys and men- a very real problem in our society. Author Andrew J. Bauman writes, “We must pay attention to the young undeveloped places within us, offering kindness, care, and curiosity rather than contempt and judgment. We also need more guides; men who have done the hard work to become safe, men who have ‘been there and done that.’ We need men who are both kind and strong, with genuine masculinity that is not toxic nor fragile.” I am so grateful for men who name this distinction, and who get it!
I’ve seen toxic masculinity, so pervasive in our culture, play a role in severely damaging men I love, and consequently damaging other people in their lives. It is heartbreaking. I’ve felt its pain personally from men who behaved in toxic, not just immature ways. Without naming toxic masculinity, we miss how damaging it has been proven to be. The impact of toxic masculinity is expansive, and can lead to violence against women, to isolation, and poor health in men. We’ve seen it play out in politics, institutions, and other systems. We also miss the social impact of this as systemic if we don’t acknowledge it. Violence, crime, drug and alcohol overdose, gun violence, and suicide have all been well researched and found evident from the impact of toxic masculinity specifically. It has been healing for me and others, including men, as well as for societies to name toxic masculinity for what it is, and to be able to differentiate it from one’s inherent beloved-ness (which includes masculinity itself). Toxic masculinity continues to fester when denied.
I find it a bit ironic for men to claim they have seen the term toxic masculinity cause more harm than good, when it is indeed toxic masculinity itself that has caused tremendous harm. What is also ironic, is that some men are less likely to believe me, because I am a woman saying, “Toxic masculinity is real” even if they would deny it’s because I am a woman. This is why it is so important for all men to acknowledge toxic masculinity itself. Women and queer beloveds struggle enough with inadequacy, and breaking out of the lies that tell them/us we are not allowed to exist, to be fully ourselves, or to be heard, just to have people who are supposed to be our allies deny a reality that has had very real consequences. To name something helps diminish its power over you. Identifying toxic masculinity is not about dwelling on it, it’s about acknowledgement. Acknowledgement matters in the process of grief and healing. It is important to name and identify what ails us, and to be honest about it, even if it is hard. To deny the terms themselves only perpetuates inevitable cycles of misogyny, racism, and violence. Yes, if the term toxic masculinity is being used in way that shames you, that is toxic itself. But if it is being used appropriately, honestly, with compassion and care, to identify a very real problem, it opens a door, and doesn’t threaten the experience of maleness. To see our worth, separate from toxic masculinity’s perniciousness, is empowering, freeing, liberating, healing, and inviting. What power! How masculine! How awesome. It is the mature person who has the self awareness, critical thinking, and ability to practice ego detachment, thinking outside themselves and their group, who learns from these hard truths. It’s not easy. Nothing ever profoundly transformative is.
To deny toxic masculinity is to also deny the harm it has caused the LGTBQ+ community. Their voices should be centered in this conversation, and often they are not. One of my favorite quotes from Alok Vaid-Menon is, “Every day is Pride when you love yourself outside of toxic masculinity.” It is this truth that really clarifies why using and understanding the term matters, and is allowing people to be themselves and love themselves when they realize they can be free from it, not ignore its reality and harm. Our Queer siblings are being the most honest of all of us by being their true selves, as Alok has described, in the work toward healing. They describe how fear (perhaps fearful of naming toxic masculinity), undergirds the problem. “Men are allowed to be vulnerable. Men are allowed to be human…people have been taught to fear the very thing that will set them free…”
To name toxic masculinity does not diminish a man’s ability to exist fully male. It does not devalue masculinity in men, in me, and in all humans. We don’t have to respond from scarcity and fear when hard truths are being revealed. Alok shares, “True freedom is going to be uncomfortable.” Your genuine masculinity is still valid even while toxic masculinity is true. To insist that the term toxic masculinity is not helpful, when its damage is clearly evident, is not coming from a place of liberation. Alok goes on to say, and this is it- this is what it comes down to, “Are you fighting for freedom, or privilege?”
“Are you fighting for freedom, or privilege?” It’s a question worth repeating.
While truths are far bigger than the labels we use, it is the human experience to use language to better understand. It’s like when people fear a label when getting a diagnosis. The diagnosis isn’t all of who that person is, and doesn’t have to define them. But it sure helps to better understand why we feel or behave the way we do. And so a dismissal of the impact of toxic masculinity, which describes it best, is a dismissal of many people’s stories, from which they are trying to scream their truth, particularly women and queer people, even though many men too, are trying to break free from what turned out to be unhealthy and constricting. A focus on healthy, positive expressions of what it means to be masculine and/or male such as developing empathy, and being emotionally intelligent and open, is something I think we can all agree is good, and desperately needed. In a powerful conversation, Songwriter Mishka Shubaly spoke bravely and humbly about his own story of toxic masculinity (he named it), and described how he healed and continues to heal from it in this way, “The way we get through this, is not by saying it doesn’t exist, but by sharing it, acknowledging it, connecting with each other because of it, communicating through it, and that’s how we get better.” Nadia Bolz-Weber responded, “We can’t ask that we don’t ever have flaws, but we can ask that when they rear their ugliness, that we learn something from it.” At the conclusion of their conversation, Nadia beautifully blessed Mishka to have a “beneficent masculinity”. Amen to that!
Spiritual Director and Pastor, Juan Carlos Huertas, in a powerful book of litany collections called, Rally: Communal Prayer for Lovers of Jesus and Justice, shared a meaningful litany called, “Kind and Compassionate Masculinity: A Litany of Dismantling Toxic Patriarchy” where he writes, “As a father of two boys, I am more cognizant of the importance of modeling a nontoxic masculinity and a non-patriarchal way of being in the world. This is complicated, but I am finding that as I center my life around the Divine, I experience a freedom like never before to be me, to be male, to be open, to be freed.” At the end of the litany he prays, “Eternal One, may your loving mercy, your steadfast love, and your compassion bring us healing. May you convict us of our idolatry of maleness and help us celebrate the unique ways through which we are called to live in the world. By the power of the Spirit, help us be faithful partners with our siblings no matter their gender, orientation, or sexual preference. Help us be respectful of one another so that we may hear others’ stories. Help us to have courage as we continue to work for a more just world, and help us model a whole way of being male in the world.”
Masculinity is adaptable. It is a social construct after all. Deconstruction and rebuilding equitable, just constructs is an important part of transformative efforts for society and people. But we cannot deconstruct what we cannot honestly name. We learn masculinity from others and in particular environments, and because of that, men can continue to learn it, and be transformed by new and healthy models. The more brave men are in owning this, the more other men can adapt, too, allowing healthy masculinity to flourish, and for others to feel safe in their presence. Falsely claiming that the term toxic masculinity is toxic itself, risks stifling such flourishing, and while it may not necessarily signal danger, it does raise a red flag. bell hooks talks about discounting the significance of what’s being named: “It suggests that the words themselves are problematic and not the system they describe.” She also explains, “The crisis facing men is not the crisis of masculinity, it is the crisis of patriarchal masculinity.” (i.e. toxic/harmful masculinity.) “Until we make this distinction clear, men will continue to fear that any critique of patriarchy represents a threat.”
Read that last sentence again.
We need to unlearn and unpack toxic masculine norms. We need to acknowledge that toxic masculinity highlights specific unhealthy forms of masculinity, as well as a particular set of social expectations that are harmful and dangerous. It shows adequately, that stereotypical masculine norms impact men’s mental and physical health, and their treatment of others. Identifying toxic masculinity is to prompt us all to teach and embrace authentic, healthy masculinity, something within which we need champions to live into and be mentors of. May we be open to learning, listening, believing others, healing, checking our egos, learning what it truly means to be strong- a true power- in all of our maleness, femaleness, queerness, etc., to name hard things, and to honor the uniqueness of each of us, bringing about justice and liberation for all people.
A few resources:
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17601.The_Will_to_Change
https://andrewjbauman.com/the-good-safe-man/
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/60162257-how-not-to-be-an-ss
https://youtu.be/Tq3C9R8HNUQ?si=N5o_Z2aHsY8pKlnG
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-man-enough-podcast/id1571480224?i=1000526241459